Name a major risk associated with aminoglycoside antibiotics, and what monitoring measures are recommended?

• A. Hepatotoxicity; monitor LFTs
• B. Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity; monitor trough levels and renal function
• C. Hyperglycemia; monitor glucose
• D. Hypertension; monitor BP

Answer: (B)

Aminoglycosides carry two major toxic risks: nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, because the drugs can accumulate in renal tubular cells and in the inner ear. To minimize these risks, monitoring targets how much drug is in the body and how the kidneys are working. Checking trough levels—the concentration just before the next dose—helps ensure drug exposure stays within the therapeutic window and reduces toxicity risk. At the same time, regular monitoring of renal function (serum creatinine, BUN, and urine output) allows early detection of nephrotoxicity and guides dose or interval adjustments. While ototoxic effects (hearing and balance problems) are also a concern, the standard monitoring approach centers on trough levels and kidney function.